sociology in religion - 1257 Words

A Critical Analysis of Putnam, Robert D., and David E. Campbell. American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. New York: Simon Schuster, 2010. Print, pp 1-246 In a renowned examination to approach religion as a sociological study, respected scholars Robert D. Putnam and David E. Campbell trek through the social history of our nation over the past few decades and the affects that have consequently—or thankfully—been left on religious institutions. While the authors explore detailed cultural developments, America’s religiosity and diversity is examined through comprehensive surveys and empirical analysis. As Putnam and Campbell search to uncover the relationship between sociological developments and religious institutions, a†¦show more content†¦As society began to expand under this foundation, women became increasingly more respected and their presence was accepted into various social realms that previously were not inviting for women. On the list of newly acceptable places for women to thrive is the workplace, which is another affect of the rise of women in religion according to our authors. Putnam and Campbel l claim that these are interrelated because it was a social change that happened simultaneously, but the authors continue by giving little example to what sort of revolutionary changes happened to women inside of the churches. This brings the validity of their conclusion regarding cultural development and religion to question: did the authors uncover correlation, or are they over generalizing causation for the sake of the argument? Other experts have questioned the correlation as well, as Wallstreet journalist Wilfred McClay goes it say: â€Å"In matters of sexuality, they offer a surprisingly crude formulation that reflects the authors rather coercive brand of moderation: The polarization of the past five decades on sexual matters has come about because libertines and prudes have successively provoked one another. If only the sensible, nonextremist folks had beenShow MoreRelatedSociology and Religion1517 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Religion plays a major role in American society today. The stance that people take on their religion can affect the social and political choices that they make. Having a loving God view and relationship with him also takes place in these decisions being made. Researchers Unnever, Bartkowski and Cullen explore in their article, â€Å"God Imagery and Opposition to Abortion and Capital Punishment: A Partial Test of Religious Support for the Consistent Life Ethic†, as to whether having a closeRead MoreEssay Sociology and Religion1158 Words   |  5 PagesWe all have some experience with religion. Whether our parents are religious, our own religious views, or others who try and convert you to a religion, we have all come in contact with a religion. But what do sociology and religion have to do with each other? The answer to this question is that religion meets sociology in the affects that it has on an individual or society (Schaefer, Richard T, 2009, pg 323). What is a religion? A religion is defined by Richard Schaefer as a unified systemRead More Sociology and Religion Essay example1028 Words   |  5 Pages which cause anxiety and they continue to perform their means of production as a formed unit. The power elite’s fear of being overthrown by the poor of the world is fueled with sheer determination and consistency to stay on top. In the article â€Å"Sociology and Sexuality† women and women’s sexuality is stated to be oppressed with the poor of the people and is examined through human rights, religious desacralization, religious sacralization, women’s human rights and social conditioning. The concern forRead MoreEssay Webers Approach to Religion and Sociology1706 Words   |  7 PagesWebers Approach to Religion and Sociology Webers general approach to sociology is known as verstehen sociology; that human action is directed by meaning and that action can only be understood by appreciating the world-view of the social actor concerned. Since religion is an important component of the social actors world-view, religious beliefs can direct social actionRead MoreThe Relationship Connecting the Sociology of Religion and World-Building1035 Words   |  5 Pagesthe study of the sociology of religion. Berger is particularly interested in the social construction of religion as perpetuated by humankind and the dichotomies of the secular and the religious. As a component of social reality, religion, according to Peter Berger, is a â€Å"dialectical phenomenon† (3). Society is a dialectic phenomenon in that it is a human product, and nothing but a human product, that yet continuously acts back upon its producer. Society is a product of man. Religion emerges out ofRead MoreEmile Durkheim s Influence On Society850 Words   |  4 Pagesattending a rabbinical school at a young age but eventually decided not to continue on that path and instead became an agnostic. He eventually went on to become a philosophy teacher and is considered to have played a pivotal roll in the rise of sociology. Durkheim believed that society shaped every aspect of human thought and behavior. He promoted the importance of society and suggests that without it things like art, family, laws and morality could not exist. He insists that although we are allRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Robert Bellahs Civil Religion Essay example1088 Words   |  5 PagesRhetorical Analysis of Civil Religion In America by Robert H. Bellah Robert N. Bellah Civil Religion In America was written in the winter of 1967 and is copyrighted by the Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences from the issue entitled religion in America. In his writings Bellah Explains the idea and workings of Civil Religion in the United States; this chapter was written for a Dà ¦dalus conference on American Religion in May 1966. It was reprinted with commentsRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The United Kingdom After The European Union Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesduring times when the economic status is fluctuating in the world? Therefore, this leads to my proposal: I suggest researchers conduct a study to see how people react to performance levels of the economy by turning to religion as their solution. Brief Literature Review People Seeking Religion During times when a country is economically growing, people are less likely to engage with religious affiliates or engage religious practices/traditions. Jochen Hirschile proposes that during economic growth, peopleRead MoreCritically Examine Sociological Views of Sects in Society Today (33marks)999 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Jehovah’s witnesses; the social background of sect members tends to be connected with the lower classes who may feel oppressed by the state. However, by the fact that Martin (1978) says that the term secularisation should be banned from the sociology terminology means that Sects, and other outside movements, clearly don’t have that big an effect on society, showing a critical judgement on Troeltsch, who describes sects to have many followers within the lower classes. However if this was the caseRead MoreMarx, Weber and Religion2182 Words   |  9 PagesReligion, as defined by the High Court of Australia, is ‘a complex of beliefs and practices which point to a set of values and an understanding of the meaning of existence’ (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2005) and can be studied either substantively or functionally (Berger 1974:126). Substantive studies of religion fall predominantly in the realm of theology and are more concerned with defining religious beliefs; their historical accuracy; and the existence of supernatural entities (Holmes, Hughes

Ethical Analysis of the Parable of the Sadhu Essay

Ethical Analysis of the Parable of the Sadhu The Parable of the Sadhu is a story of men climbing the Himalayas that run into a moral dilemma. These are not just any men. These are groups of men from many different cultural backgrounds. As they are climbing the mountain they run into a nearly naked Indian holy man that is near death. The moral dilemma comes into play when they are forced to make the decision to backtrack down the mountain to save the man and probably never reach their ultimate goal, or ignore the needs of the desperate man in order to fulfill their personal desires. By looking at the situation and what the men did it is clear that they acted through the ethical thought process of egoism and social contract. They acted†¦show more content†¦Through the ethical thought of social contract, there are rules that are necessary to maintain stable and harmonious social relations among people. The Sherpas, the New Zealanders, and the Japanese all did the bare minimum for the Sadhu. They did this because they be lieved they were bound by a social contract to their fellow man to benefit from the formation of social structures. The hikers were there for the experience of the Himalayas. This was also their sole purpose on the trip and had a social responsibility to the men in the group over the Sadhu, and by that belief they had to respect the purpose of the trip. This meant not getting in the way of the others. With the social contract theory, in life, should we sacrifice doing the right thing because it puts others around us in a discomforting situation? These were the two beliefs that the mountaineers went by. Through Kantanian thought there would be one rule that everyone is required to follow. This rule in the authors mind would be to do the right thing. In this situation through Kantanian thought the man should have been saved because that is the right thing to do. Weather it was because you wanted to or because they had a duty to it, it still should have been done. Since the men clearly didn’t want to do the right thing these men should have acted out of duty, which in Kantanian thought is a greaterShow MoreRelatedThe Parable of the Sadhu by Bowen Mccoy: An Analysis of Ethics967 Words   |  4 PagesThe Parable of the Sadhu by Bowen McCoy Objective The objective of this study is to answer specific questions relating to Bowen McCoys work entitled The Parable of the Sadhu and specifically to examine ethics on both the group and individual level as it is applicable to this situations in McCoys story. Part I The work of McCoy (2009) states that there is a need to identify a specific set of requirements or characteristics to describe the individual that is ethical in the area of leadershipRead MoreAnalyzing the Parable of the Sadhu1559 Words   |  7 Pageswhile helping the Sadhu is clearly not. Action was ethical. However the fact that McCoy feels guilty reflects that he was unable to promote his long term interest. Hence it becomes ambiguous to justify his actions. Kantian Ethics: Should abide by the following 2 principles: *Maxim should become a universal law *Never treat people simply as means to an end but always at the same time as ends in themselves In the parable, Stephen says that the hikers would have treated the Sadhu differently if heRead MoreParable of the Sadhu Essay827 Words   |  4 PagesParable of the Sadhu: Analysis from three general approaches. The Parable of the Sadhu presents a complex situation which action immediate action was necessary. Sadhu, an Indian holy man, was discovered naked and barely alive by a group of multicultural mountaineers during their journey. Each ethnic group did a little to help the Sadhu, but none assumed full responsibility. Their priority was in climbing the mountain rather than carrying Sadhu to the village where other people could help him

Deltona Lines Inc Free Essays

Then Del-Bess would be the entity to purchase the assets from Jay Transportation and lease them to Boson Freight Company. The remaining 60 million necessary to fund the purchase would be provided by bank financing. There are four main issues within this case. We will write a custom essay sample on Deltona Lines Inc or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first is, is this a temporary control issue for Dalton. Temporary control means that a primary company forms a Joint venture with a secondary company that would be a temporary investment to help the primary company to acquire the sought company. Business structure was formed by two or more parties for a specific purpose. Joint ventures usually are limited to one or two projects or purposes. The case Is referring to equity-based Joint ventures which benefits foreign and/or local private interests, groups of interests, or members of the general public. Benefit of this would be that partners would save money and reduce their risks through capital and resource sharing. One key difference in partnership and Joint venture is that the Joint venture is based on a single business transaction. An example Is that Boson Freight Company wanted to Join with Dalton In purchasing Jay Transportation Inc. The second Issue is why Dalton would want to avoid consolidation. Dalton would want to avoid consolidation because It doesn’t own any common stock or its investment might be temporary. Due to preferred stock may also be callable, meaning that the company has the option to purchase the shares from shareholders at anytime for any reason (usually for a premium). A third issue is how Dalton should account for their investment for financial report purposes (equity or cost). Del-sees subsidiary should be reported under the equity method by Dalton because of 80 percent controlling Interest. Under equity method, we record the investments at cost and adjust for earnings, losses, and dividends. Dalton would have consolidated financial statements due to 80 percent voting preferred stock. The last issue for Dalton is does the fair value method present a viable option for reporting and why or why not. Yes. Dalton Flanagan reporting would report Investment at cost, then by using the working paper entries to adjust cost to fair alee this would allows the two companies to consolidate the subsidiary (Dell-Bess) with the parent (Dalton) and identify the controlling interest share. How to cite Deltona Lines Inc, Papers

Difference between biosphere, ecosphere and gaia Essay Example For Students

Difference between biosphere, ecosphere and gaia Essay Explain the difference between Biosphere, Ecosphere and Gaia and reason a instance for following one of these forms for treatments of the Earth Biosphere, Ecosphere and Gaia are used names of the planetary ecosystem. But each planetary ecosystem has its ain or more pregnant separately. The planetary ecosystem is natural rhythms of interdependent beings which portion s and maps together in the same home ground. Ecosystems normally form a figure of nutrient webs. ( Robert W. Christopherson 1996 ) . Ecosystems relate to dirty, workss, animate beings, chemicals and stones amongst others of the planet. For illustration when we think of nature we think of populating things such as planets and animate beings, the biotic constituents of an ecosystem include all the living things in an country. Biosphere â€Å"the topographic point on Earth s surface where life dwells† . ( Seuss E. 1875 ) Biosphere is a biological planetary amount of all ecosystems and life on Earth which integrates all living things together from the beginning of clip on Earth germinating over one million millions of old ages. Estimated 3.5 billion old ages ago. ( Campbell, Neil A. Brad Williamson, Robin J. Heyden 2006 ) . The Biosphere originated from a geologist called Eduard Suess in 1875 but the construct was nt truly adapted until Vladimir Vernadsky in 1926 wrote the book the biosphere redefining biosphere as a current Earth system this is a chief nucleus of ecology. The biosphere exchanges affair and energy with the other domains, assisting the cycling of C, N, P, S and along with other elements. This could be or is the ground why the biosphere is known as the planetary ecosystem, consisting the Earth and executing all mode of biological maps, including photosynthesis, respiration, decomposit ion, nitrogen arrested development and gentrification. Gaia â€Å"The Earth is more than merely a place, it s a life system and we are portion of it.† ( James Lovelock ) is merely the nucleus of James Lovelock s Gaia theory, besides known as the Gaia hypothesis. It was originally proposed in 1963 by James Lovelock. While the name Gaia comes from a Grecian goddess of Earth it is chiefly a similar return on the biosphere with the same constituents but proposed as sing the Earth as a individual being. James Lovelock said that Gaia was â€Å"a complex entity affecting the Earth s biosphere, atmosphere, oceans, and dirt ; the entirety representing a feedback or cybernetic system which seeks an optimum physical and chemical environment for life on this planet† ( James Lovelock 1979 ) . The Gaia hypothesis provinces that the Earth is alive, the hunt for life on Marss led to lovelocks belief in the being of Gaia. While we know there s no life on Marss or Venus, lovelock compared it with the Earth s ambiance which is a mixture of g ases doing life present, while earths gas is non the same but is contained in a changeless province proposing a ordinance of the whole system on Earth for illustration the clime, ocean and air are a ego regulated procedure. While James Lovelocks theory was nt wholly recognized it is one looked over by scientists with assorted oppugning critically whilst criticize by others. While Biosphere is known to function at high degrees of scientific research and being a nucleus factor in within biological science and ecology utilizing distant feeling systems to scan the full earths surface.

The period of absolutism

The period of absolutism refers to the exercise of monarchial power which was never questioned by other social institutions like the legislature and the church. The monarchs mainly reigned from the early period of the seventeenth century up to the end of the nineteenth century.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The period of absolutism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Absolutism entailed ending the feudal partitioning, emergence of state power, harmonization of state laws, and there was also a decline in the power of the nobility. Many scholars contend that the French Revolution marked the end of the monarch in Europe or the early modern European period. This paper seeks to analyze the monarchy with specific reference to France and Mughal Empires respectively. The paper will explore the development of absolutism in each case after which there will be a conclusion to contrast the practice of absolutism in both cases . The exercise of absolute monarchy in the French territory began in the16th century, and it was preceded by the era of renaissance monarchy that was exercised on the basis of political consensus among the social classes and the monarch. France during the sixteenth century experienced numerous conflicts that occurred due to the establishment of Calvinism. During this period, French kings struggled to increase their power and this culminated to the rise of royal absolutism. In 1661 Louis XIV took over the French monarchy. He was in power from 1643 till 1715. During his reign, France became the most influential nation in the whole of Europe after supplanting Spain. The long reign of Louis XIV marked the pinnacle of royal absolutism, and he encouraged other monarchs to embrace his way of leadership. The beginning of French absolutism is associated with Henry IV’s reign. He ruled from 1589 to 1610. Before 1589, France had been plagued by a series of religious conflicts especially between the Catholics and their Protestant counterparts. Other political factions also engaged in these wars. These wars greatly affected the stability of France. Therefore, when Henry started exercising his authority, he was determined to end the chaos and restore stability in France. In this regard, Henry IV formulated new plans that would foster social economic prosperity. He also made arrangements on how to secure France from external aggression. Nonetheless, he was assassinated in 1610 when he was planning to attack his rivals.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marie de Medicos’, who was Henry IV’s wife reigned for several years as a regent for Louis XIII who was then their young son. Marie was able to challenge her opponents, but she did very little to strengthen the monarchy. In 1624, Cardinal Richelieu was appointed chief minister and he soon begun wielding his auth ority behind the throne. He had a twofold plan for developing a supreme royal power and also to make France occupy a dominant position in Europe. With his full control of the royal army, he destroyed all the king’s opponents. In order to destabilize local units of political authority, Richelieu came up with thirty administrative districts and each was ruled by an authoritative intend ant that was answerable to the throne. Finally, he subjected France to thirty years of conflict with Germany. In this case, he aimed at weakening Habsburg. Richelieu managed to have a firm grip on the royal power by 1642 when he died. Besides this, he managed to fulfill his dream of elevating France to a dominant position in Europe. Cardinal Jules Mazarin succeeded Richelieu. In order to elevate his status, Louis XIV introduced several construction projects that led to the popularity of his government. His new palace was one of his greatest architectural projects. In 1682, he relocated to Versail les. Initially, it was not easy to exercise absolutism monarchy in France due to the following reasons. First, the nobles had the chance to build private armies and fortifications. Secondly, lesser kings who were literate had the chance to become agents of the king. They dispensed justice and collected taxes on behalf of the king, and this gave them some authority. In order to consolidate his power, Louis XIV employed the following strategies in his administration. He limited the authority of the nobles by ensuring that they at least stayed in Versailles for a period of time annually. He used this as a strategy to closely monitor the nobles so that they could not conspire to topple him. In addition to this, he also abolished Protestantism.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The period of absolutism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This led to the migration of Protestants to other places which still allowed the prac tice of Protestantism. As they migrated, they spread their civilization in other territories. Louis XIV was also determined to expand his frontiers in Europe. Absolutism became very strong during the reign of Louis XIV. The Mughal Empire occupied a dominant position in India from the second phase of the 16th century until the first half of the 18th century. It was established from 1526 and it survived up to 1858, when the British Raj supplanted it. â€Å"While many monarchs strived to centralize their powers, authoritative rulers emerged in Asian territories†. With time, the emperors became stable enough to challenge western powers. Even though the Mughals never focused much on international trade, they however allowed business revenue into their treasuries. Mughal Empire reached its height during Aurangzeb’s leadership. Following his death in 1707, his regime was weakened by a series of several military campaigns, corruption, and killing of the Hindus. â€Å"As the M ughal Empire disintegrated his rivals quickly took over power and by mid 18th century, the land controlled by Aurangzeb’s successors had dwindled to Delhi†. The Mughal Empire had remarkable contributions in art and architecture. From the above discussion on the Empire of France and Mughal, it can be concluded that that they were both ruled by authoritative kings who were mainly concerned with consolidating their power and influence over their subjects. These two societies were both stratified with the nobles occupying the administrative positions. Most of the kings in France were keen on expanding their territories, and this always subjected them into a series of military campaigns with their neighboring countries. However, the Mughal Empire under the governance of Aurangzeb was not keen on territorial expansion as compared to France under the rule of Louis XIV.Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though absolute monarchy existed in France and Mughal Empires, it was more entrenched in the former than in the latter. â€Å"The end of the early modern is usually also associated with the industrial revolution which began in Britain in the mid 18th century†. The history of the early modern period as a whole therefore enables us to have a better understanding of the social and political developments of various European societies. Works Cited Cameron, Euan. Early Modern Europe: An Oxford History. London: Oxford University Press, 1999. Sherman, Dennis and Joyce Salisbury. The West in the World, Volume II: From 1600. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2010. This essay on The period of absolutism was written and submitted by user Giselle Marsh to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Nine Stories

that explain J.D. Salinger’s Nine Stories. The author throughout this book uses children to show the innocence and happiness of youth. The carefree world of children and the unhappy worlds of his adult characters coincide until something from the past changes the characters forever. In Laughing Man, Salinger portrays the young boy and narrator as a happy go lucky child playing sports, enjoying the company of his friends and most of all getting lost in the fantastical story telling of his bus driver. Although Laughing Man had deformities and evil enemies, the boy could block out those parts of the story because Laughing Man would prevail. When Laughing Man was killed, part of the boy’s childhood was taken away, too. Stories come to an end and innocence to comes to an end. Uncle Wiggly in Connecticut is an interesting story with the main character, Eloise living a very unhappy life. Eloise’s past was in her eyes a blissful one. Walt was the man she truly loved. Walt made her laugh. Eloise felt childish and carefree with Walt. When he was killed, Eloise never regained her happiness. She married Lew and had her daughter Ramona. With her friend Mary Jane, she relived the death of Walt and in turn was able to mourn him. When Eloise’s daughter’s imaginary friend, Jimmy was run over and died and was no more in Ramona’s eyes, it brought back the sadness Eloise felt when Walt died. Quickly, Ramona replaced Jimmy with Mickey just like Eloise replaced Walt with Lew. Eloise showed anger towards Ramona because she saw herself in Ramona. Eloise was really angry with herself. She was angry because she replaced Walt with Lew as if it was insignificant and it meant nothing. Eloise lost her inner child and replaced it with an a dult she was unhappy with. Life for Seymour Glass, the main character in A Perfect Day for Bananafish,... Free Essays on Nine Stories Free Essays on Nine Stories Nine Stories Mysterious, confusing, thought provoking and inter-locking are a few words that explain J.D. Salinger’s Nine Stories. The author throughout this book uses children to show the innocence and happiness of youth. The carefree world of children and the unhappy worlds of his adult characters coincide until something from the past changes the characters forever. In Laughing Man, Salinger portrays the young boy and narrator as a happy go lucky child playing sports, enjoying the company of his friends and most of all getting lost in the fantastical story telling of his bus driver. Although Laughing Man had deformities and evil enemies, the boy could block out those parts of the story because Laughing Man would prevail. When Laughing Man was killed, part of the boy’s childhood was taken away, too. Stories come to an end and innocence to comes to an end. Uncle Wiggly in Connecticut is an interesting story with the main character, Eloise living a very unhappy life. Eloise’s past was in her eyes a blissful one. Walt was the man she truly loved. Walt made her laugh. Eloise felt childish and carefree with Walt. When he was killed, Eloise never regained her happiness. She married Lew and had her daughter Ramona. With her friend Mary Jane, she relived the death of Walt and in turn was able to mourn him. When Eloise’s daughter’s imaginary friend, Jimmy was run over and died and was no more in Ramona’s eyes, it brought back the sadness Eloise felt when Walt died. Quickly, Ramona replaced Jimmy with Mickey just like Eloise replaced Walt with Lew. Eloise showed anger towards Ramona because she saw herself in Ramona. Eloise was really angry with herself. She was angry because she replaced Walt with Lew as if it was insignificant and it meant nothing. Eloise lost her inner child and replaced it with an a dult she was unhappy with. Life for Seymour Glass, the main character in A Perfect Day for Bananafish,...

The Process of Currency Conversion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Process of Currency Conversion - Assignment Example A spot exchange rate is a rate used in an instant currency conversion agreement between two or more parties. Spot exchange is carried out in a spot exchange market, which is part of the foreign exchange market. On the other hand, the forward exchange rate is the rate agreed on today, to convert currencies at a future date specified in the agreement. Company X, based in Saudi Arabia, plans of purchasing equipment from two suppliers. Considering the location of the sellers, the buyer will have to decide on whether to exchange AED for Euros or the pound. The initial amount set for the purchase is AED 50 million. Both the financial manager and the CEO of Company X plans to take advantage of exchange rate fluctuations and, if the opportunity arises, lowers the cost of the purchase. The equipment is quoted to cost â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 and  £ 860,000 in Euro and pounds respectively. In order to make informed choices, exchange rate movements will be observed for five days from 24th to 28th December. On that note, this assignment presents a five-day exchange rate in a table format showing the value of AED 50 million, for each day, in both the currencies (Pounds and Euros). For each of the five days, the cost of the purchase and the impact of the decision are presented. Last, a report that provides justifications that the decision made is favorable to the company also is provided. For the purpose of purchasing the equipment, the currency used for the transaction is Euros. The equipment has been quoted to cost â‚ ¬ 1,090,000. The table 3 below shows the cost of the equipment in AED based on the exchange rates observations presented in table 1 above. Based on table 3 above, the company will spend AED 4,880,867 when purchasing the equipment within the seven day period when the offer is still valid. When comparing the new cost with the planned initial outlay, the company will spend less than anticipated.

Influences of Conformity and Obedience Paper Essay

Influences of Conformity and Obedience Paper - Essay Example But while conformity and obedience may be relatively easily defined, their incidences in various situations are not. Conformity and Obedience Defined Conformity generally entails group members changing their minds to suit the attitudes and opinions of the majority. Here we must also include the concept of compliance in understanding the nature of eventual obedience, since compliance is only slightly different from conformity in that in being compliant one must [consciously] adapt his or her actions to another’s wishes or rules. While the former has less to do with personality than choice, the latter requires of its subject a particular personality that allows them to yield. Obedience, on the other hand, requires the acknowledgment of authority and one’s acquiescence to it. Thus a compliant individual may not necessarily or automatically be inclined to conform, although studies have shown â€Å"†¦those that conform tend to be obedient and compliant† (Constabl e, Schuler, Klaber & Rakauskas 1999, par. 1-2). Solomon Asch: Group Pressure and Conformity Social psychologist Solomon Asch’s early (1951) experiments on group pressure and conformity, and ultimately his conclusions provide an interesting and sometimes disturbing clinical view of how humans pressured by the group perceive themselves in relationship to their environment and others. Much of what Asch concludes through the experiments links directly to psychological disorders prevalent in studies conducted over time. Therapies suggested for such disorders and favored by given psychologists often differ, undoubtedly due to what has been described above as differences in personalities that prompt unreasoning conformity, obedience or disobedience, or both. The conduct of Asch’s study was fairly straightforward. Ache showed students in groups of eight to ten--all of whom except one in each group had been coached beforehand to pick the wrong answer on twelve of the eighteen c ards. Each card had a group of three bar lines on the right, and one bar line. Students were asked to pick one bar from a series of three on the right that best matched the one bar on the left. Most subjects were told to deliberately give the wrong answer. Asch arranged the questioning so that most wrong answers would be given before the test subject in the group made his or her decision. The results were significant and according to Zimbardo and Gerrig (2010): â€Å"50 and 80 percent†¦conformed with the false majority estimate†¦a third†¦yielded to the majority’s wrong judgments on half or more of the critical trials† (p. 550). The results prompted Asch, according to age-of-the sage.org (n.d) to conclude: "The tendency to conformity in our society is so strong that reasonably intelligent and well-meaning young people are willing to call white black. This is a matter of concern. It raises questions about our ways of education and about the values that gui de our conduct" (par 7). What this says about our desire not to be different, but to conform with our peers is significant. What it may say in some cases about the role of obedience in this behavior is, according to Berg and Bass (1961) citing Champney (1941), pertinent. The significance of parental attitudes and behavior on the subsequent conformity found in their children†¦suggested that when parents tend to dominate their children, restraining the children's efforts to solve some of

Bussiness communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Bussiness communication - Essay Example Hence, skill of interpersonal communication plays an essential role not just in resolution of conflict but also in achieving overall success in life. Introduction Communication is a means of sharing your ideas, emotions, feelings, goals, thoughts etc., with other people around you. Healthy and open communication pattern are the foundations of healthy, strong and positive relationships (Krizan, Merrier, Logan, and Williams 2008, p.366). However, problems in communication lead to problems in relationship. Once the relationships are hampered, then it becomes difficult to achieve those goals for which the relationships were created in the first place. Achievement of goals depends on compatibility and bonding with other people involved in relationship. Sadly, due to incompatibility in goals, most of the relationships end up in conflicts. Conflict in relationship is the major reason for failure to achieve goals, both in personal and professional life (Krizan, Merrier, Logan, and Williams 2 008, p.378). Hence, to avoid conflicts, it is essential to have a skill of interpersonal communication (Krizan, Merrier, Logan, and Williams 2008, p.366). However, as human personality is a combination of different aspects like emotions, thoughts, behavior, attitude etc., it is not possible to handle the conflict situation only with single skill. Hence, interpersonal communication skill is the only skill that can help human beings to manage conflict effectively and positively, as interpersonal skill is a combination of different skills which teaches people how to make communication successful by catering to every aspect of human personality and behavior. Definition Interpersonal communication is defined as an effort by two or more people, to create and sustain shared meaning through the process of exchanging the messages with each other (West and Turner 2009, p.10). However, interpersonal communication is not as easy as it sounds. For successful interpersonal communication, one not only needs to be clear about his own goals of communication, but also needs to take care of not hurting other people involved in the communication. According to scholars, only those people who have the ability to carry out effective and appropriate communication with others, depending on the situation, are competent in the area of interpersonal communication (Wood 2010, p.32). People communicate and interact with others with a purpose and goal in their mind. When a particular interaction leads to achievement of the goal of that interaction, then the communication is considered effective (Wood 2010, p.32). If the goals of communication are not achieved, then the interpersonal communication is considered ineffective and incompetent. Very few people have the ability to achieve the goals of communication because interpersonal communication is a ‘skill’ and not a natural ability. It is a part of social skill as it enhances the productivity and meaning of professional and per sonal relationships in life. However, the good thing is that, it can be learned and practiced by everyone who desires positive communication in their lives. Importance of Interpersonal Interpersonal communication is a part of social skill. Hence, people in the field of medicine, psychology, counseling, religion, education, military, human resource, business management etc., are being trained in social skills through different training programs (Hargie, Saunders and Dickson 1994, p.ix). This is

Shortage Of Employees And Staff Retention Management Essay

Shortage Of Employees And Staff Retention Management Essay Retention of nurses at healthcare organizations has been a problem for several years. With the aging population in the United States the nursing shortage will become more critical. The case at Grayson County Regional Health Center indicates a problem with employee retention. The group that is most affected are the nurses where retention rates have ranged from 15%-50 %( Fried and Fottler, 2010) over the last several years. The best ways to retain employees is to first screen and select the best qualified employees. This can be done through automated screening tools, peer interviews, and retention focused management. Three organizations will be compared in this article. The 30 nursing homes in New York and Connecticut, the Jupiter Medical Center in Jupiter Florida will be referred to as examples of how retention problems can be solved. The Eastern Idaho Regional Medical Center in Idaho Falls, Idaho is another organization that has successful solved recruitment issues and has created a culture where people stay due to good working conditions and benefits. Solutions to retain employees once they are hired will be discussed by creating a culture where people feel appreciated. Recommendations will be given to solve Grayson County Health Centers employee retention problems. Good job! Shortage of Employees and Grayson County Regional Health Center Grayson County Regional Health Center is a private non-for-profit 225 bed acute care hospital located in a rural community in a southeastern state. The hospital provides a range of inpatient and outpatient services. There is 24 hour emergency care offered. The hospital serves Grayson County and three other neighboring counties. The population of the county is 60,879 with 53% African Americans, 42% Caucasians and 5% Hispanics. (Fried, et al. 2010) The area suffers from economic hardships where many of the manufacturing jobs have relocated. The Employee turnover at the hospital is a 40%, and for nurses the turnover rate has ranged from 15-50% the last few years. (Fried, et al .2010) Medicare and Medicaid are heavily relied on for the income at the hospital. The hospital is not able to pay competitive market wages for the nurses and other professionals. The result is the hospital is under staffed and the quality of care is a concern. There are many things to consider to how this situation can improve. Can better communication between the staff and the management be implemented, to create an environment where employees feel valued? A retention specialist position or committee should be considered for retaining employees. Not retaining employees can cost an organization a lot of money. Do you have an estimate of how much it can cost? If more employees stayed with the organization money could be reallocated to pay staff a competitive wage. Another question to be answered is if anyone in the community can be retrained for th e jobs at the hospital, where unemployment is so high in this county. Retrained for jobs such as†¦? The costs of employee turnover can be radically changed by retaining more employees. One example given by Quint Studer (2006) if an organization with 3000 employees which have an average salary of $45,000 a year , a 1% reduction in turnover equals more than 1.3 million in a years time. One of the problems at Grayson County was the inability to pay employees competitive wages. Wages being one of the crucial ways to help retain employees it would be beneficial if the costs saved from employee turnover could create a way to pay the employees better. In the text by Fried et al. (2010 p.198) states that recruitment and selection are the key to retention, one important part in the selection process is to screen the job applicants to see if they fit with the organizational values and have the skills necessary for the work. Another consideration is it can be easier to teach skills than to change attitudes of employees. Determining which applicant fits the organization can be done by asking behavioral questions in the interview to gain insight to the skill sets the applicant possesses and their values. How do behavioral questions differ from personality tests? Having peers involved in the interview process can help with the selection process to find an applicant that fits best with the organization. The first 30-60 days are the most crucial to retaining an employee. The employee turnover can be 25% in the first 30-60 days ( Studer, 2006). Making sure to follow up with new hires to clarify expectations, recognize efforts and encouragin g the employee to give helpful examples of past work experience that would be beneficial for the organization can help with retention in the crucial first 30-60 days. These tactics have been proven to work at a 340 bed hospital in Downers Grove, Ill where a reduction of employee turnover improved by 36.5 % in a years time. ( Studer, 2006) The Healthcare Advisory Board (HCAB) conducted an extensive review of recruitment and retention strategy and identified each strategy relative effectiveness. The HCAB review yields five effective retention strategies: Firstly, selecting the right employees. Secondly, management improving the orientation and on-boarding processes by creating a buddy program and other opportunities that help new employees establish professional and personal relationships with colleges. Thirdly, monitoring turn over to identify specific root causes, including identifying managers whose departments have high turnover. Fourthly, efforts in developing and implementing ways to retain valued employees in the organization will reduce turnover percentages. Fifthly, although marginal in its effectiveness the HCBA recommended systemically attempting to reverse turnover decisions. (Fried et al. 2010). Other retention strategies given by Fried et al (2010) Where to create a culture where people want to stay because they enjoy their work. The manager does this thru empathy and truly caring for the welfare of the employees creating authentic connections with each staff member. This can allow for better focus on problem solving in the organization. A generic strategy for retention is through competitive compensation, differential and premium pay through signing bonuses, forgivable loans, and extensive benefits. In Jupiter Medical Center (JMC) in Jupiter, Florida Paul Dell Uomo (2009) reported that they suffered from recruiting and retention problems which were a problem in opening up more beds to serve the community. After weighting the options it was decided to outsource the recruitment function which helped in organizing hiring practices. This cut costs including a 1 million dollar decrease in contract labor (Uomo, 2009).

Examine the role of processes in schools in producing different educational achievement among pupils from different social groups. :: essays research papers fc

Examine the role of processes in schools in producing different educational achievement among pupils from different social groups. Differential educational achievement is unquestionable affected by different social groups however this is not the only factor that affects the educational success of students. Members of working class place a lower value on education, they place less emphasis on formal education as a means to personal achievement, and they see less value in continuing school beyond the minimum leaving age. They place a lower value on achieving higher occupational status, when evaluating jobs they place emphasis on stability, security and immediate economic benefits and tend to reject the risks and investments involved in aiming for high status occupations. Job horizons tend therefore to be limited to a good trade. Manual and non-manual jobs account for differences in outlook and attitude, middle-class occupations provide an opportunity for continuous advancement in income and status but this is not the case for manual workers. They reach full earning capacity relatively quickly and are provided fewer opportunities for promotion. This would therefore affect the attitude of parents and this attitude and outlook on life would be passed on to the next generation. Pupils from w orking class origins would be socialized in certain situations, e.g. fatalism, immediate gratification, present time orientation and collectivism. Parental interests in their children education effects school achievement, middle class parents express interest in their children progress, they are more likely to want their children to do well and stay at school beyond the minimum leaving age level and so will encourage them to do so. Middle class children also tend to receive greater stimulus from their parents in the early years, which forms a basis for high achievement in the educational system. Different social groups have different life experiences and chances, the habitats of each group will be different and will lead individuals to make certain choices regarding behaviour. Through up bringing and education, people learn to be able to express good taste; those with legitimate taste can mix in the most culturally advantaged circles. This gives students with higher-class backgrounds more chance of success in education. Social inequality is reproduced in the educational system and as a result is legitimated, and is particularly effective in maintaining the power of the dominant classes. Social class is not the only thing that affects educational achievement. Ethnicity has been seen to affect the educational attainment of pupils; research by Drew (1995) found that Afro-Caribbean males were at the bottom of each class group in terms of attainment.

American Dream – Of Mice and Men

The book Of Mice and Men follows George and Lennie on their Journey to reach the American Dream. Although the American Dream can vary from person to person, the main goal of the dream is to gain something they desire. George and Lennie's goal is to have their own land and make their own decisions. â€Å"Someday-we're gonna get the jack together and we gonna have a little house and a couple of acres† (Steinbeck 14). To reach their dream, George lies for Lennie because of his mental disabilities.Even hough George is lying, it doesn't compromise his moral character because he is doing this to protect Lennie. Later on in the book, Lennie accidentally murders Curleys wife to prevent himself from getting in trouble. Some may argue it compromises his moral character, but due to his mental disabilities he wasn't able to know his actions were wrong. George and Lennie were not able to achieve the American Dream, but they did try to accomplish it without compromising their moral characte r.Curlers wife also had an American Dream. Her dream is to go to Hollywood and be in movies, but she wasn't able to do this because of her mother. â€Å"I wasn't gonna stay no place where I couldn't†¦ make something of myself†¦ So I married Curley' (Steinbeck 88). On her way to reach her dream, she wasn't always honest. She didn't stay true to her moral character by settling to marry Curley. If she would have stayed true to her morals, she might have had a better chance at reaching her dream. â€Å"A guy needs somebody-to be near him.A guy goes nuts if he ain't got obody' (Steinbeck 72). The stable buck, Crooks, believes the American Dream is to have a best friend. This might seem to be a simple dream, but due to the time period, it was actually rather complicated. Crooks is African American and therefore looked down upon by the other workers. No one wants to be friends with a guy like Crooks. Crooks accepted his fate of never being able to accomplish his dream, but stay ed true to his moral character by not going out of his way to make the guys like him.

Drinking Age essays

Drinking Age essays In the year 2002, drinking has come to be a nation wide problem. Within the last few decades, all the states have changed the legal drinking age from 18 to 21. However, this prohibition of alcohol until the age of 21 has not been all that effective. From surveys it is easy to see that a dramatic percent of 18 year olds drink regularly even though they are not of legal age. In fact, underage drinking has never seemed to be as much of a problem as it is today. To many teens, the idea of alcohol being a forbidden fruit makes it all the more tempting to consume. Also, it is unfair to put adult responsibilities on 18 year olds, yet not allow them the responsibility to drink. Therefore, the drinking age should be lowered from 21 to 18 in the U.S. First, one of the main reasons that underage drinking takes place deals with the fact that alcohol is viewed by teens as a forbidden fruit. It is human nature to rebel against society. For example, when I was young, my parents used to always tell me not to play in the street. Yet whenever they were not looking, the first thing I always did was go and play in the street. This is what it is like when many teens are told they are not allowed to drink by the law, and their parents. It is almost as if the country refuses to remember the complete failure of both prohibition acts. Does the cliche, those who dont remember the past are condemned to repeat it, mean anything to the government? In fact, making 21 the legal drinking is a prohibition act in itself. Recent studies have shown that amongst all drinkers, 32% of under age drinkers are considered to be heavy drinkers, while only 24% of legal drinkers are considered heavy drinkers. In addition, many students in college are unde r the age of 21. Yet this is the place where flaunting of law breaking is so common. Considering this, it is senseless to uphold a law that cannot be enforced. ...

Let Us Now Praise Famous Men essays

Let Us Now Praise Famous Men essays "Let Us Now Praise Famous Men" is a photographic essay of life in the poor rural South during the Great Depression. In it, master photographer Walker Evans and writer James Agee form a partnership to chronicle the lives of three families, the Gudgers, the Woods, and the Ricketts. However, the story is much more than simply the diary of people's daily lives. Agee writes, "I believe that every human being is potentially capable within his 'limits' of fully 'realizing' his potentialities; that this, his being cheated and choked of it, is infinitely the ghastliest, commonest, and most inclusive of all the crimes of which the human world can assure itself" (Agee and Evans 307). Therefore, this moving book is part chronicle, part social conscious, and part early reality television, combined to create a book that changed the way many looked at the poor and the hungry during the Depression. Eventually, President Franklin D. Roosevelt saw the miscarriages between the poor and the still wealthy in the country, and increase the tax burden on the wealthy to help equal out While Agee creates a moving essay on the dignity and promise of America's poor, the real meat of the book lies in Evans' outstanding and moving photography. The photos themselves, 50 of them, use no captions or descriptions to tell the viewer what to look for. They simply present the families as they are, allowing the viewer to make up their own mind about what they are seeing with no explanation. The photos themselves are stark black and white, immediately showing the utter poverty these people survived in, but also illustrating their strength, their dignity, and their Evans uses different camera techniques quite effectively throughout the book. Some shots are close-up, showing the weathered lines on faces, the sheer exhaustion of the heavy work, and the frank understanding o ...

Business and enterprise coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business and enterprise coursework - Essay Example 45-50). In fact, cross-cultural management seeks to inform business mangers about cultural diversity and its effects on the business (Bhattacharyya 2010, pp. 92-95). Cultural differences influence interpersonal interactions, business management, and intergroup interactions (Tagreed 2012, pp. 105-109). Notably, in the global market environment, managers encounter different cultures and hence the need to understand the differences in these cultures and their effects on management. More so, when two or more companies merge, there must be different cultures in application and hence the need to adopt the best characteristics of the existing cultures (Ghosn 2013, pp. 1). In merging the different cultures, managers must make sure that they do not destroy the best cultural values. In addition, to implement a business strategy in a foreign country, one must consider all the cultural characteristics of the targeted society (Kozenkow 2013, pp. 1). Worth noting is that to increase the cultural k nowledge of an individual or an organization is very challenging. In this context, cross- cultural management addresses various cultural challenges in the global market thus making cross-cultural operations work much more successfully. Indeed, an understanding of the cultural factors that affect a business is very fundamental for any manager. As such, the issue of cross-cultural management is very fundamental in the modern business environment. This paper addresses the main cultural challenges facing the managers of British Multinational; Enterprises in the early 21st century and discusses the main management skills that are required for Cross-cultural Management to be effective. In doing this, the paper will refer to relevant academic literature and draw appropriate examples to support my analysis. Growth in information technologies, advanced communication, globalization (Dong & Liu 2010, pp. 223-228), deregulation, and privatization have led to increased growth in cross-border bus iness in the modern times. As the modern businesses become more global, people with different cultures have learnt to the need of working together by respecting cultural diversity. However, the growth in cross-border business attract cultural challenges which hider the success of such business (Tagreed 2012, pp. 105-109). As a result, managers adopt cross-cultural management strategies to enhance effectiveness in cross-cultural interactions. Nevertheless, managers of British Multinational; Enterprises in the early 21st century face numerous cultural challenges in the business world. One of the challenges that managers face is the difference in response to organizational practices, such as attitude and behaviors between different cultures. For example, people from individualistic and collectivistic national cultures respond differently to organizational practices where collectivistic cultures worked better in a group as individualistic cultures performed better in a specific manager (Johann 2008, pp. 10). The differences in response to organizational practices pose a great challenge to managers of British Multinational; Enterprises in the early 21st century since they may fail to offer harmonized performance in case of a merger. Another challenge relates to the cultural differences that a foreign manager or a company may face in a foreign nation that has a different culture. This inhibits the management since the employees and the managers adopt distinct

Patholophysiology & Management of critical conditions Essay

Patholophysiology & Management of critical conditions - Essay Example pes of stroke that human beings can be affected by; Ischemic stroke is a kind of brain attack that arises when a vessel which transports blood to human brain is blocked by the blood clotting process (Richard, et al, 2009). In this case, the clot creates a barricade, blocking the routine flow of blood. This occurs in two main ways; first there can be a blood clot happening in a brain artery which happens to be very narrow, this process is referred to as â€Å"Thrombotic stroke.† Secondly, there may be a case where a clot breaks off from a completely different location. Alternatively, the blood clot can be transported to the blood vessels in the brain from a different part of the body, in both cases; the clot is a barrier blood flow in the brain. In the condition, the kind of stroke suffered from is referred to as â€Å"embolism† or â€Å"embolic stroke† Another kind of stroke happens when a weak blood vessel happens to burst up in the brain. This makes the blood to start leaking into the brain against the normal way that the brain is intended to function (Kenning, et al, 2012). In both cases, death is always knocking for the victim in case urgent effective medical care is not administered. When a person is affected by stroke, the kind of symptoms that are exhibited depends on the part of the brain that has been affected. It is possible for someone to experience the symptoms without being able to know that its stroke. People should be aware that symptoms of stroke develop unexpectedly and without due warning. For the first few days the symptoms occur on and off, making it hard for one to explain the prevailing body condition. When stroke first occurs, its symptoms are said to be very severe, however, this effects gets worse as time continues. If bleeding happens in the brain, the victim experiences headaches which start as mild but soon become severe. These headaches are prevalent when the victim is lying flat; the severity of the headaches wakes up the victim from

Investment Analysis for the Okura Hotels and Resorts in Connection Assignment

Investment Analysis for the Okura Hotels and Resorts in Connection with Indian Market Entry - Assignment Example This paper aims to establish the prospects of entering the Indian hotel industry by Japanese company Okura Hotels and Resorts. This hotel chain accounts for one of the finest deliverer of luxury services in many countries. The fast growing economy of India stipulated dramatic growth of the tourism sector in the country. There has been a subsequent shortfall in the number of hotel rooms to meet the demand in India. This has been the cause of fuelling room rates across the nation and India turning into a popular hotel destination for businesses. There are a number of MNC hotel giants flocking in the country and many of them are also seen to be entering into joint ventures. The nation’s government has been showing approval for the setting up of a number of new hotels, which is also viewed positively by both local and foreign businesses. The hotel chain groups and hotel industry are seen to be showing bullish behavior and optimistic attitude about their investments plans. The portfolio of the Okura Hotels and Resorts comprises of 23 renowned hotels. Of them, 16 are located in Japan while the rest are located in overseas. Now, the company selects Mumbai to set up their hotels.Some of the weaknesses and threats for the company in establishing in India is the fact the cost of land account for 50% of the project costs which is substantially less at the rate of 15% aboard. Also the existence of large, renowned and international players like Taj and Oberoi are expected to significant competitive threat for the company.

Fruits As Battery Essay Example for Free

Fruits As Battery Essay Additional information Batteries are devices that store chemical energy and convert it to electrical energy. Consisting of one or more voltaic cells, batteries come in various sizes and forms and are integrated into most electronic and portable devices. Electrical current is the flow of electrons (movement) of an electrical charge and is measured using an ammeter. Solid conductive metals contain large population of free electrons, which are bound to the metal lattice and move around randomly due to thermal energy. When two terminals of a voltage source (battery) are connected via a metal wire, the free electrons of the conductor drift toward the positive terminal, making them the electrical current carrier within the conductor. Required materials Citrus fruits, such as lemons, limes, grapefruits, or oranges. Copper nail, approximately 2 inches in length Galvanized (zinc) nail, about 2 inches in length Small colored or opaque light bulb with a 2 inch lead, such as a holiday LED light. Note that there needs to be enough wire to connect to the nails. Electrical tape or Crocodile (aka: gator) clip (optional) Micro Ammeter a measuring instrument used to measure the electric current in a circuit, can be found at your local Radio Shack store. (optional) Estimated Experiment Time About 5 to 10 minutes Step-By-Step Procedure 1. Prepare your fruit for the experiment by squeezing it on all sides with your hands. Make sure not to squeeze too tightly and break the skin! The idea is to soften the fruit enough so that the juice inside are flowing. 2. Insert your nails into the fruit, approximately 2 inches apart from one another. The ends (sharp tips) of the nails should be in the center of the fruit, but not touching one another. Be careful not to pierce the nails through the opposite end of the fruit. 3. Remove the insulation around the bulb wires (the leads) so you can expose the wire underneath. You need to remove enough insulation so you can wrap the exposed wire around the nails. 4. Take one of the exposed wires and wrap it around the galvanized (zinc) nail. If the wire keeps slipping off, use some electrical tape or gator clips to keep it attached. 5. Wrap the other end of the wire around the copper nail. 6. When the second wire is attached to the copper nail, your bulb will light up! Note The size of the light bulb will affect how brightly its lit. LED lights require the least amount of energy to light and thus are the best candidates for this experiment. If you have a Micro Ammeter, you can use it to compare the effectiveness of various fruits in relation to electrical current. If using a Micro Ammeter, follow these steps: 1. Connect one of the Micro Ammeters terminals to the copper nail and attach with a Crocodile clip. 2. Connect the other Micro Ammeters terminal to the galvanized plate and attach with a Crocodile clip. Try using different kinds of fruits and measure the differences between them. You may want to consider tomatoes (yes, they ARE fruit) as they have one of the highest pH levels of fruits, making them perfect for this experiment. Observation Do you think another kind of fruit would work with this experiment? How about a vegetable? Which fruit has the best conductivity? Do you think moving the  nails further apart will change the current? Do you think your fruit will continue to power the light bulb after a few hours? How about a few days? Do you think the size of the fruit would effect the voltage? Result The zinc nail is an active metal, which reacts with the acid in the fruit. The active ingredient in the fruit are positively charged ions. A transfer of electrons takes place between the zinc nail and the acid from the fruit. The nails act as poles for the battery, one positive and one negative. Electrons travel from the positive pole to the negative pole via the light bulb wire (the conductor), generating enough electricity to light the bulb.

1870-1880 Essay -- Essays Papers

1870-1880 During the 1870’s the United States experienced great changes with the end of the Civil War. America was going through a period called Reconstruction. Tensions were fairly high and an air of freedom was present throughout the nation. By 1877, it was obvious the United States was beginning to develop into a recognizably modern economic system of making, earning, spending, and living (Brown 60). In 1880, â€Å"over half of American workers worked on farms and only one in twenty worked on manufacturing† (Brown 59). Farmers outnumbered factory by a large number, but factories were still abundant. Child labor occurred after the Civil War as well. By 1872, more than 10,000 children were employed in Philadelphia’s industrial workplaces. That number was even larger in cities such as New York, and it increased as the years progressed (Brown 60). The decade of 1870-1880 consisted of many important issues in American history. Industrialization began to make to makes its way into the American colony. In 1870, the first transcontinental railroad trip in the United States took place. The transcontinental railroad brought America together. This made it easier for traveling and especially made it easier for the industries by being able to commute products back and forth. The transcontinental railroad was the best invention and had a great impact of life for the United States at this time. Another great event that happened for this country was the discovery of gold in 1874. The discovery of gold in the Dakota Territory brought thousands of gold diggers into the Black Hills reservation. Another very important invention that changed America was the telephone on March 10, 1876, by Alexander Graham Bell. This allowed Ameri... ...ccording to Perkins, although French and Russian realists and naturalists influenced James style, â€Å"in Contrast to the European naturalists whose tutelage he acknowledged, he rebelled against the materialistic interpretation of human destiny, and struggled with the problem of undeniable evil as desperately as Hawthorne, whom, among earlier Americans he most admired† (Perkins 1055). This shows that James was greatly influenced by Europeans, but he also has his added his own unique American style. One of James’ stories, â€Å"Daisy Miller," takes place in Switzerland. Throughout this story Europeans see America as being hostile and somewhat harsh. During the decade between 1870 and 1880 , the United States was once again beginning to rebuild the nation. This rebuilding or reconstruction not only affected attitudes, but it affected art and literature throughout the world.

Monster: The Autobiography of an L.A. Gang Member :: gangster crips, kody scott, eight tray

It was on the day of June 15th, 1975 that the world of eleven year old boy named Kody Scott would change completely. A month prior to this day, Kody was suspended from school for flashing a gang sign during the school’s panorama picture; from here it was evident where Kody was heading in life. Growing up in South Central Los Angeles, Kody was always surrounded by gangs and constantly witnessed the warfare created by rival gangs. Upon his return home from his sixth grade graduation Kody dashed out of the window in his room and ran to meet up with Tray Ball, a gang member of the Eight Tray Gangster Crips who had agreed to sponsor Kody into the gang. That night Kody was beaten senseless by the members of the set as a part of his initiation. Then, Tray Ball came and approached Kody with a pump shotgun that contained eight shells and said: â€Å"Kody, you got eight shots, you don’t come back to the car unless they are all gone.† The gang drove north into their enemy territory and eventually found and ambushed their target, a group of Bloods (the main enemy of the Crips). It was instant, gun shots rained from all directions, Kody shot six times before chasing an enemy blood who was then shot in the back by Kody. Kody’s future in the gang was set in stone. He was accepted by all members immediately, especially Tray Ball, who encouraged him to pursue barbaric acts that made Kody’s name soar in the streets. Two years later, at the age of thirteen, Kody was attempting robbery and proceeded to stomp on the man for about twenty minutes until the man was put into a coma at the hands of Kody. The police stated to bystanders that whoever did such an act was a monster, that name stuck to Kody and eventually became more prominent than his actual birth name. Needless to say, school was never Kody’s main focus. Over the course of the next two years, Kody made it his only ambition to fight for the gang and promote the superiority of the E ight Tray Gangsters. Kody’s end goal was to ultimately achieve the status of â€Å"Ghetto Star†, a title given to a individual who is known throughout gang because of the barbaric acts they have committed in the name of their own gang set.

Respect Towards an NCO Essay

Respect is an important value in any professional organization, especially in the military. Giving respect to an NCO is an important role as a soldier in the United States military. NCO’s have earned the respect throughout the years of service given. Also, by proving to their chain of command that they have the ability to lead soldiers both on and off the battlefield. They have gone to schools and put in the hard work that is required to lead soldiers by mentoring them. Not only about the military aspect of their lives but also their personal lives. The most important reason to show respect to an NCO is that we are able to keep our attention on the mission at hand instead of having a horrible breakdown in communication in the heat of battle. Another, just as important, reason to respect an NCO is that without respect there would be no discipline. Baron Von Steuben was the first to recognize to that in order to have a successful military we would need to put into effect certain values, one of which was respect for NCO’s. And so you see when you have respect between soldiers and NCO’s and there is no breakdown in communication then we are less vulnerable to attack. (1) Army leadership begins with character, the values and attributes that shape what the leader must BE. Army leaders must demonstrate exemplary conduct in their professional and personal lives. They adopt and internalize the Army Values and develop the requisite mental, physical, and emotional attributes of a warrior. Additionally, the ambiguous nature of the operational environment requires Army leaders to know themselves and deal with circumstances as they are, not as they want them to be. (2) Not only should you respect NCO’s and anyone in the chain of command but everyone around you at all times. It would be in your best interest to be cognizant of your surroundings and watch what you say around others. If an individual finds what you have to say disrespectful then they have the right to file a SHARP complaint which could lead to disciplinary actions from your chain of command. SHARP ( Sexual Harassment Assault Response and Prevention) deals with the lack of respect to fellow soldiers and civilians alike. To  prevent SHARP complaints one should respect oneself and treat others like how you would treat yourself. We must consistently enforce all policies related to sexual assault and harassment. We must execute prevention policies, training initiatives, and education programs; in order to get on top of any incident. (3) Respect towards NCO’s is one of the Army’s most important values because it could prevent any failures in communication between the soldier and the NCO. If there is no respect then there would be no discipline within the junior enlisted. To an NCO they are a leader and to be a leader they must live and be the Army values. When a soldier starts being disrespectful to their NCO’s, anyone in their chain of command, or anyone those people can file a SHARP complaint against the soldier. The only way to not get SHARP complaints is to be mindful of your surroundings, be careful of what you say, and to respect yourself and others. REFERENCE PAGE 1) (2011,04). Respect to NCO’s. StudyMode.com. Retrieved 04, 2011, from http://www.studymode.com/essays/Respect-To-Ncos-661493.html 2) FM 1-68 3) SHARP

Free Essays on The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls

â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls† Romanticism supports the idea that feeling and intuition are more valuable than reason. This belief opposed all the main ideas of the thoughts that ruled the literary world for years before. Between 1800 and 1860, Romanticism’s concepts were well shown through the works of authors and poets such as Hawthorne, Poe, and Longfellow. â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls† by Longfellow is a worthy model of Romanticism through its emphasis on nature. Because the poem set on a beach, Longfellow describes the setting as â€Å"...sea-sands damp and brown...† and â€Å"...the little waves, with their soft, white hands.† The repetition of the tide is also an important part of his description. With the contemplation of nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development, being one of the Romanticists’ beliefs, Longfellow’s traveler leaves Earth and seeks a new life. In â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† Longfellow places faith in inner experience and the power of imagination. When Longfellow describes how the setting of the beach causes him to feel he is describing his inner experiences. He also describes each detail of the traveler’s surroundings. While focusing on the feelings and thoughts he has takes in from the restless beach, Longfellow describes what he feels while in this setting. Lastly, this poem reflects on its romantic beliefs when it shows Longfellow’s quest for some higher truth in the natural world. Longfellow uses the repetitiveness of the tide rising and falling again to show the way life comes and goes but will always be moving. By saying â€Å"The day returns, but nevermore returns the traveler to the shore,† Longfellow alludes to his belief that all life does not end after death. He also describes the beach’s tides as inescapable, just as some people feel towards death. In conclusion, the poem, â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† deals with Rom... Free Essays on The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls Free Essays on The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls† Romanticism supports the idea that feeling and intuition are more valuable than reason. This belief opposed all the main ideas of the thoughts that ruled the literary world for years before. Between 1800 and 1860, Romanticism’s concepts were well shown through the works of authors and poets such as Hawthorne, Poe, and Longfellow. â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls† by Longfellow is a worthy model of Romanticism through its emphasis on nature. Because the poem set on a beach, Longfellow describes the setting as â€Å"...sea-sands damp and brown...† and â€Å"...the little waves, with their soft, white hands.† The repetition of the tide is also an important part of his description. With the contemplation of nature’s beauty as a path to spiritual and moral development, being one of the Romanticists’ beliefs, Longfellow’s traveler leaves Earth and seeks a new life. In â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† Longfellow places faith in inner experience and the power of imagination. When Longfellow describes how the setting of the beach causes him to feel he is describing his inner experiences. He also describes each detail of the traveler’s surroundings. While focusing on the feelings and thoughts he has takes in from the restless beach, Longfellow describes what he feels while in this setting. Lastly, this poem reflects on its romantic beliefs when it shows Longfellow’s quest for some higher truth in the natural world. Longfellow uses the repetitiveness of the tide rising and falling again to show the way life comes and goes but will always be moving. By saying â€Å"The day returns, but nevermore returns the traveler to the shore,† Longfellow alludes to his belief that all life does not end after death. He also describes the beach’s tides as inescapable, just as some people feel towards death. In conclusion, the poem, â€Å"The Tide Rises, The Tide Falls,† deals with Rom...

Alcohol

Alcohol has been around for over 8000 years, Archaeologists have found that by 6400 B.C. people had discovers how to make alcohol in the form of Beer and Berry Wine. The distillation process where fermented solution containing alcohol was heated and the vapours collected and condensed into liquid to create spirits have been believed to be discovered in Arabia. Egyptians, Hebrews, Greeks and Roman leaders were all notorious for their drinking habits. By the 1500s distillation of whiskey was common in Ireland. It was also reported that the people Columbus met in the Caribbean had their own Beer. People have proved that society needs alcohol. All attempts to suppress alcohol in Europe and America have failed, and in the US alcohol consumption actually increased during Prohibition period. Today Ethyl alcohol is the effective chemical in the millions of different alcoholic products available on the market. People usually start drinking between 13-14 years of age on weekends or at social events. As they get older they tend to drink more, at age 13, 40% of teens claim to be nondrinkers but by the time they reach 18 the total is reduced to 10%. Teenagers start to drink for many reasons: 1) Experimentation- Curiosity to feel the effects that they hear from others. 2) Peer Pressure- Usually teens reject an individual who doesnt drink; there are also pressures from the culture they grow up in. 3) Adolescent Adjustment Problems- During adolescents so many changes occur that creates stress, feelings of depression, confusion, disorganization and helplessness. By drinking the teen is able to feel a false sense of normality. 4) Family Life Adjustment Style- Family problems or accidents have put many teenagers into abuse of alcohol. Events like divorce, death of a family member especially a parent or family conflicts. The teen uses alcohol to push these problems aside.

The Poetry of William Carlos Williams

The Poetry of William Carlos Williams Free Online Research Papers The poetry of William Carlos Williams uses imagery that refers to everyday experiences and concrete images that describe material objects. Goodblatt and Glicksohn propose that comprehending a metaphor is like problem solving, â€Å"in its more creative form,† and that this involves â€Å"an act of perceptual and semantic restructuring† (Goodblatt and Glicksohn 428). They also state that a single metaphor â€Å"should be understood within a large context† (Goodblatt and Glicksohn 428). Williams, expressed a similar sentiment by saying that there â€Å"’are no ideas but in things† (Goodblatt and Glicksohn 428). Considering this perspective, the following analysis focuses on the imagery that Williams uses in â€Å"Poem,† which offers a typical example of Williams’s utilization of metaphor and imagery within a short lyric form. Williams is most renowned for his depiction of life in his hometown of Rutherford, New Jersey, where he gained fame as one of America’s most distinguished poets, and also practiced as a family doctor for 40 years. Unlike many of his peers, Williams never employed â€Å"complex symbols or rarefied literary allusions,† but rather tended to focus on subjects that surrounded him, that is, his hometown, â€Å"its landscapes and its people† (William† 9). It may have been the scientist in Williams that inclined him toward the use of â€Å"concise concrete images† and the utilization of â€Å"homely words of everyday speech,† but there is no denying that this characterizes his poetic style† (William 9). Considering this, the first question that the reader asks on reading â€Å"Poem† is what, precisely is Williams trying to say. The image is concrete; the text of the poem is concise: As the cat Climbed over The top of The jamcloset First the right Forefoot Carefully then the hind Stepped down Into the pit of The empty Flowerpot (Williams). This poem works as an extended metaphor. The cat is carefully climbing over the jamcloset, placing each foot precisely. The reader’s first task at problem-solving is to determine the meaning of â€Å"jamcloset,† which is familiar or readily defined. This word does not appear in Webster’s or other dictionaries. This suggests that Williams intended for this work to conjure an image. â€Å"Jam packed† is defined as something that is crammed with things to the point that nothing can be added. Perhaps Williams means for this word to conjure an image of a closet jammed with things, with a cat carefully negotiating the top. On the other hand, the word â€Å"jam† could refer to a fruit spread used on toast, in which case, the word â€Å"jamcloset† suggests a pantry and there is the suggestion that the cat is after a taste of jam. In either case, the emphasis of the poem is on the cat’s eventual destination. The reader can see the cat stepping so carefully, first one foot and then the other. The short lines and smooth flow of words mirror the careful and feline movements of the car. Only in the last stanza does the reader realize that the cat has moved so carefully into the â€Å"pit of an empty flowerpot.† This turns the image of the precise and careful cat into something comical. The first assumption of the reader is that the cat is moving precisely to obtain a specific purpose; something that the reader would judge as a useful intention from a human perspective. This, however, is not the case, as the cat ends up squashed into the flower pot, which Williams makes clear was the animal’s intention all along. As this suggests, this imagery says more about the human reader that it does about the cat. Human beings are goal oriented. The deliberate, purposeful movement that Williams describes naturally conjures a feeling in the reader that the cat must have a specific goal, whether this is capturing a mouse or pursuing some other goal that makes sense within the feline perspective. What Williams appears to be telling his readers is that the world obeys its own rules. The cat is fascinated by and wants to sit in the flower pot. It does not make sense from a human point of view, but there it is and that is the reality of this situation. Implied within the assumed perspective of the reader and image of the flower-potted cat is also the realization that this has meaning and relevancy. The world does not have to have goals, purpose or meaning from a human perspective in order to be meaningful. It just is. Children understand this, and a child would probably delight in the flower-potted cat and understand the world can look different and interesting from such a perspective. Adults tend to lose their joy in seeing the unexpected and exploring the unknown by trying on viewpoints that are new and different. As this indicates, however, Williams’ use of imagery suggests meaning at multiple levels with concise, brief poetry. In â€Å"Poem,† the poet offers an image that suggests more than is stated implicitly. The cat, so carefully placing first one foot and then the other delicately into the pit of the flowerpot, not only conveys the inquisitive nature of the animal, but also the fact that the cat represents an aspect of existence that adult humans often avoid. By surprising the reader with the cat’s destination, Williams subtly suggests that adults are too predictable. We, like children and cats, should attempt to see the world with fresh eyes, and perhaps try wiggling into new perspectives that may seem alien at first, but afford the viewer with new experiences. Perhaps, we should not smile at the seeming lunacy of the cat until we have sat in a flowerpot atop the â€Å"jamcloset† and seen what there is to see from this perspective. Goodlatt, Chanita Glicksohn Joseph. â€Å"Metaphor comprehension As problem solving: an online study of the reading Process.† Style 36 (2002): 428. â€Å"William Carlos Williams: Doctor and Poet.† Literary Cavalcade 57 (8) (2005): 9. Williams, William Carlos. Poem (As the cat). No date. Accessed May 9, 2006. . 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Health Care Ethics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Health Care Ethics - Assignment Example The surgical group from Manhattan identifies the value attached to time that is why they have posted doctors’ schedule on their website, and it refreshes after every ten minutes. Current lifestyle has forced middle-class people to be busy time after time. Therefore, with a website that shows the schedule for the appointment is a win of their market. This will make both the patients and doctors to be time conscious and enhance the reputation of the surgical group. Renaming trade-off: If the practices are renamed to include River Valley Associates then the brand of the hospital will grow beyond its territory. However, this is a long-term process since it will consume a considerable amount of time for the brand (practices) to become famous. Not renaming trade-off: There will be confusion among the clients (patients) if the practices are renamed and in severe circumstances client will consider certain services are not offered in that hospital and opt going to another hospital. Therefore, by not changing clients will not be confused, and perhaps market the new practices to other members of the community. New innovation in a market always faces a challenge of breaking through the market, but how the challenges are addressed is what that matters. In this case of health saving account plan, some of the factors to be considered include; culture, and level of income. Culture has to do with the employees’ attitude towards saving and since this health saving for coverage, it should be marketed intensively. To overcome the problem of saving culture, the hospital can diversify the level of services based on employee’s capability of saving. This too will have conquered the challenge arising due to the difference in the level of income. Analyzing the cost implication of these two groups, the level of return will be a key element to be considered.

Archaeology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Archaeology - Essay Example The white conquers spreading of disease and war is thought to have driven the royal family and servants from Machu Picchu. This is a fascinating subject that can be researched with pleasure. Machu Picchu is an abandoned Inca site. Although it is thought that Hiram Bingham (2004) â€Å"discovered† the city, a few others had been there before (219). MacQuarrie (2008) reports Bingham found the engravings of â€Å"M. Eugene de Sartiges, 1834†, â€Å"Jose Maria Tejada, Marcelino Leon, 1834†, â€Å"Jose Benigo Samnez, Juan Manual Rivas Plata, Mariana Cisneros, 1861†, and â€Å"Pio Mogrovejo, July 4, 1885† (384). Bingham was the first to bring attention to the city. Machu Picchu is located between the ridges of Machu Picchu (hence the name) and Pisac in the South American country, Peru according to D’Altroy (2003:127). The find of an intact abandoned Inca site was a major discovery for archeology and architectural studies. Machu Picchu allowed for the study of the Inca way of life and architectural ways. Bingham according to Burger and Salazar (2008) removed artifacts from the site to examine at Yale University (2). Machu Picchu has been explored by many more scientists and tourists since Bingham’s discovery in 1911 of the site D’Altroy (2003) (21). The majestic Inca site has been an uncovered jewel ever since. The Incas were a South American people before the Spanish conquest. D’Altroy (2003) explains Incas did not have a written language, but did have an oral history that has passed traditions down through the generations (121). Without the oral traditions, little or no knowledge might have been known about the Incas. The Spanish records after the Spanish expedition into also provide an insight into the Inca way of life, but only from an invader’s perspective Burger and Salazar 2005:2). Incas did share their oral traditions with the Spanish, but

Topic of your choice Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Topic of your choice - Term Paper Example As a means of understanding human resource management to a more effective degree, the following analysis will engage the reader with an understanding of how motivation takes place. Although it is true that employee/stakeholder motivation only represents one aspect of what a human resources department should be performing, it is one of the most essential elements that allows the firm/organization to engage their stakeholders and seek to promote a definitive level of engagement in one particular direction or another. In such a manner, it is the hope of this author that such a level of discussion will be beneficial for the reader to understand the manner through which motivation is utilized within the field of psychology and human resource management. Although Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has oftentimes been considered on a purely personal psychological level, the reality of the situation is that humans are by very nature social beings. By extension, the workplace is necessarily a realm within which individuals need to interact with one another as well as clients as a means of generating profit and income; both for themselves and for the entity in question. In such a way, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is perfectly suited to defining and describing the means by which a given firm/organization can seek to maximize the overall level of motivation that is exhibited within its employees. Naturally, it may seem at bit absurd for the firm/entity in question to be able to speak to the needs of breathing, food, water, sex, sleep, homeostasis, and excretion. However, the fact of the matter is that it is incumbent upon the employer to ensure a safe working environment exists whereby none of the basic physiological needs of the in dividual are disrupted. Continuing to move up the list, the reader can note that more or less in each and every substrata of the pyramid, the employer can seek to provide for at least some of these needs. Naturally,

U02a1 Topic Selection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U02a1 Topic Selection - Research Paper Example The dependent variable is the experienced domestic violence with the drug users as victims or perpetrators of the reported violence. The proposed research aims at ascertaining an assumption of a relationship between drug abuse and domestic violence and the extent to which consumption of the substances contribute to the violence. The research title will be ‘Ascertaining existence of a relationship between drug abuse and domestic violence’. ‘Factors affecting the relationship between cognitive development among children and their social environment’ is another research topic, in sociology, that I can explore through qualitative research. I can research on the topic with children’s social environments as the independent variable and their level of cognitive development as the dependent variable. The research title will be ‘Social and economic factors affecting children’s cognitive development’. Hartas, D. (2010). Families’ Social Background Matters: Socioeconomic Factors, Home Learning and Young Children’s Language, Literacy and Social Outcomes. University of Warwick. retrieved from: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3406/1/WRAP_Hartas_BERJ_paper_2010_%282%29.pdf. The article aimed at investigating the relationship between children’s learning in their domestic environments and social and economic condition of the children’s parents to determine effects of the conditions on the children’s learning potential, social, and emotional stability. With data from a sample, the article’s findings establishes that parents participate in their children’s learning processes at home and the parents’ social and economic potentials influence their children’s development. The factors however have more significant effects on the children’s literacy development than on their social and emotional potentials. The article sought to establish the relationship between drug abuse, involvement in violence and suicide. It identifies suicide and violence as

The Importance of a Deep Understanding of the Cultural Specifics of th Research Paper

The Importance of a Deep Understanding of the Cultural Specifics of the Host Country - Research Paper Example This paper handles the necessity to give an effective method to increase the accomplishment rate of inpatriate directors hence augmenting the comprehensive performance of the business. To attain enhanced managerial performance the must for a practical inpatriate course is significant to stimulate long-term obligation and devotion of inpatriate workers and managers.The Rothschild dynasty seeks to combine its banking processes of France and Britain to make safe enduring management of the trade and to perk up the business's financial power ahead of the preamble of harder capital obligations for banks (Morton, 1998, 90). The old banks that have existed for 200 years will be joined up under a solitary shareholding, which will get together the chances of the French and English parties of the well-known family as they endeavor to maintain the business aligned with the outcomes of the new-fangled parameter and the divergence from the international financial crisis (Clauss-Ehlers, 2008, 7). P aris Orleans, which is the Rothschild Dynasty's Paris-centered holding firm, will switch into a French partial partnership, protecting the family's power of the bank in opposition to probable takeovers. The new joint ventures will then takeover marginal shareholders in NM Rothschild & Sons, which is the UK Company, in addition to exceptional minority concerns in the French processes. David de Rothschild is said to become chairperson of the joint venture and articulated that the fresh configuration would assist the bank "better convene the necessities of globalization on the whole and in the company’s competitive milieu in exacting while making sure his family's management over the extended term".

U02a1 Topic Selection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

U02a1 Topic Selection - Research Paper Example The dependent variable is the experienced domestic violence with the drug users as victims or perpetrators of the reported violence. The proposed research aims at ascertaining an assumption of a relationship between drug abuse and domestic violence and the extent to which consumption of the substances contribute to the violence. The research title will be ‘Ascertaining existence of a relationship between drug abuse and domestic violence’. ‘Factors affecting the relationship between cognitive development among children and their social environment’ is another research topic, in sociology, that I can explore through qualitative research. I can research on the topic with children’s social environments as the independent variable and their level of cognitive development as the dependent variable. The research title will be ‘Social and economic factors affecting children’s cognitive development’. Hartas, D. (2010). Families’ Social Background Matters: Socioeconomic Factors, Home Learning and Young Children’s Language, Literacy and Social Outcomes. University of Warwick. retrieved from: http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/3406/1/WRAP_Hartas_BERJ_paper_2010_%282%29.pdf. The article aimed at investigating the relationship between children’s learning in their domestic environments and social and economic condition of the children’s parents to determine effects of the conditions on the children’s learning potential, social, and emotional stability. With data from a sample, the article’s findings establishes that parents participate in their children’s learning processes at home and the parents’ social and economic potentials influence their children’s development. The factors however have more significant effects on the children’s literacy development than on their social and emotional potentials. The article sought to establish the relationship between drug abuse, involvement in violence and suicide. It identifies suicide and violence as

Stalinism and Leninism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Stalinism and Leninism - Essay Example There is no generally accepted point of view. The adherents of the continuity theory believe that Stalinism was the direct continuation of Leninism whereas their opponents do not (Evans, 1993). Paradoxically but they use the same citations and rhetoric to approve their believes. Stalin was a deserving successor of his teacher and comrade thus many phenomena of Stalinism had their roots in the theoretical postulates proposed by Lenin. Such conceptual views like democratic centralism in the governing, expectation of international revolution, and single party rule (ibid) are characteristic both for Leninism and Stalinism. However some Stalin's contributions are distinctive of Lenin's views. Thus he supported thesis of the possibility to built socialism in one country, and developed the theory of "aggravation of the class struggle along with the development of socialism" (Stalin, 1933). The critics of Stalinism (e.g. Leon Trotsky and his followers) as well as the historians Discontinuity who support alternative theory argue that Stalinism discontinued the development of Lenin's ideas. Lenin proposed the rule of party and dictatorship of the revolutionary proletariat while Stalin replaced this thesis with the absolute power of party leader. Theoretical achievements of Stalin's works were non-significant thus Stalinism is more related to the style of governing than to true political theories (Fitzpatrick, 2000). Some researchers found the relation between the traditional Russian autocracy (Tzar's government) and Stalinism (Kotkin, 1997; McCauley, 2003). They consider that Stalin adopted traditions to the new ideology and built the cult of own person. Contrarily Lenin never emphasized his own role in the Bolsheviks party. Of course, many features of Stalinism could be linked to the trends occurred during Lenin's rule. Thus Red Terror developed the tools and infrastructure for the further repressions. Lenin wrote in 1917 "One out of every ten idlers will be shot on the spot". He gave hundreds orders for repressions and murders but he never use his weapon and deterrent against members of his party - they could be exiled from Russia but their lives were preserved. Nevertheless the idea of political control through terror is related Lenin. "It was Lenin who laid the police state foundations which made Stalin's monstrous feats technically possible" (Leggett, 1981, cited by D02C143HP, 2003). Stalin was not too liberal, he "killed more Communists than Hitler, Mussolini and Franco together. He destroyed Lenin's Bolshevik Party and murdered all its leaders" (Woods, 2004). During the "purges" thousands of people were expelled from the Bolshevik Party and then arrested, imprisoned or persecuted later. But the number of Stalinism victims was estimated at the millions. They put their lives to the basement of Soviet Empire and its leader, Stalin. There is interestingly that Lenin understood the dangerosity of his comrade, Stalin, for Bolshevik Party. He wrote in his Testament: "Comrade Stalin, having become General Secretary has immeasurable power concentrated in his hands, and I am not sure that he always knows how to use that power with sufficient control" (Lenin, 1922) Lenin and Stalin demonstrated different approaches in the economic policy of Communist State. Vladimir Lenin introduced the New Economic Policy and restored the agricultural and industrial